Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education

Abstract

This study developed and evaluated a millet-themed food and farming education (FFE) card module for use by FFE teachers and agricultural extension practitioners. The study responded to Taiwan's policy demand for food and agricultural education and to practical constraints faced by frontline educators, including limited preparation time, uneven agricultural knowledge, limited access to ready-to-use local teaching materials, and weather or venue barriers that often restrict field-based learning. The module was designed as a physical, face-to-face, card-based teaching kit grounded in situated learning, gamified instruction, and Diffusion of Innovations theory. Data were collected in 2025 from 90 FFE teachers who participated in project-based trial use of the card module, followed by semi-structured interviews with five actual users from school and extension contexts. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was used. Quantitative analysis included weighted item means, standard deviations, agreement rates, dimension scores, and reliability analysis, while qualitative analysis used thematic coding and a diffusion-oriented joint display. Results showed high user evaluation across instructional support, situated engagement, and adoption/diffusion intention. Users especially valued classroom flexibility, reduced lesson-preparation burden, enriched instructional content, and the potential for developing similar crop-based modules. Qualitative findings indicated that realistic visual scenarios, mission cards, quizzes, and memory matching supported learner engagement, while portability and independence from weather or field-site constraints strengthened implementation feasibility. The study contributes an adoption-oriented evaluation logic for local-crop FFE materials and offers practical recommendations for crop-module portfolios, teacher training, demonstration videos, Indigenous language and cultural add-ons, and scalable extension resource systems.

Keywords: food and farming education, food and agricultural education, millet, card-based learning, gamification, situated learning, agricultural extension, Diffusion of Innovations

How to Cite:

Lin, C. & Wu, J., (2026) “Development and User Evaluation of a Millet-Themed Food and Farming Education Card Module: Situated Learning, Gamification, and Diffusion Potential”, Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 33(2). doi: https://doi.org/10.4148/jiaee.20819